百喻經之七: 認人為兄喻
§7 認人為兄喻
(7) one reckons another man to be one's elder brother
昔有一人,形容端正,智慧具足,復多錢財,舉世人間,無不稱嘆。時有愚人,見其如此,便言:“我兄。”所以爾者,彼有錢財,須者則用之,是故為兄。見其還債,言:“非我兄。”傍人語言:“汝是愚人,云何須財,名他為兄;及其債時,復言非兄?”
once upon a time, there was a man endowed with a respectable appearance and intelligence as well as wealth. all these evoked feelings of admiration and praise from the people around him. another man then claimed this man to be his elder brother. he did so, because of the man's wealth. when he needed money, he called the man elder brother. after the rich man paying his debt, he stopped calling him elder brother. a bystander asked, "you are a strange man. when you are in need of money, you call him elder brother. when he is in debt, you will not. why?"
愚人答言:“我以欲得彼之錢財,認之為兄,實非是兄。若其負債,則稱非兄。”
the man answered, "when i want to get at his money, i'll call him elder brother. as a matter of fact, he isn't my own elder brother. when he is in debt, i will not call him elder brother."
人聞此語,無不笑之。
hearing these words, people laughed at him.
猶彼外道,聞佛善語,貪竊而用,以為己有。乃至傍人教使修行,不肯修行,而作是言:
“為利養故,取彼佛語化導眾生,而無實事,云何修行。”猶向愚人,為得財故,言是我兄;
及其債時,復言非兄。此亦如是。
the heretics, who have heard the good words of buddhism, purloin and make use of them as their own. when people try to teach them how to practice the goods words, they do not want to listen. they declared that they use the good words of buddhism to instruct the other people in order to earn a living. there is no need that they should bother to know how to practice it.
those heretics are just like the stupid man who calls the rich man elder brother for his money.
注釋:
① 具足:具備、滿足。如《金剛經》有:如來具足五眼。《法華經》有:色香美味皆悉具足。
② 眾生:主要指人類,也泛指世間一切生物。佛教認為,一切眾生以其誕生方式的不同可分為四種,即四生:胎生,指一切由母胎而生的動物,如人和獸;卵生,指一切由卵化而生的動物,如鳥;濕生,指一切由濕氣而生的動物,如蟲;化生,指無所依托,自然而生者,如神、幽靈等。
③向:方才。
白話:
從前有個人,容貌端正,舉止大方,具有淵博的學識,又很富有,社會上的人們沒有不稱贊他的。當時有個愚蠢的人,見到他有這樣的身份,便稱他是“我的兄長”。之所以這樣,是因為他有錢,在急需的時候,可以借用,才稱他為兄。后來看見這位兄長給別人還債,他講:“這人不是我哥哥。”周圍的人聽了說:“你是個愚人,為何在需要錢的時候,就稱他為兄長,到他負債時,又說不是兄長了呢?”愚人回答:“我以前想得到他的錢財,才認他為兄長,實際上他并不是我哥哥,如果他欠了債,我就不需要再稱其為兄了。”人們聽了這番話,沒有不恥笑他的。
這好比那些沒有人生理想的人,聽到了佛家有益的道理,就為己所用。等到別人勸他身體力行,修善布施的時候,就推托說:“只是為了利益和需要,才借用佛家的道理,來告誡社會大眾,而并無心去實踐,又怎能去修善布施呢?”這就像那愚蠢的人,為了得到金錢,就說別人是我兄長,等人欠債時,又說他不是我的哥哥,兩者的道理是一樣的。
(摘自《百喻經注釋與辨析》)
解說:
義凈在他翻譯的《根本說一切有部百一羯磨》卷九中作了一條夾注,說印度到處都有提婆達多派的教徒,所具有的軌儀,也多與佛法相同,至于五道輪回,生天解脫之類的教理,所修習的三藏,也與佛法大致相同。(參見《大正藏》第二十四冊第四百九十五頁)
辨析:
人類社會發展至今,理想與現實總是有距離的,理論與實際也總是有距離的,但是我們卻發現,善于引導人的高僧,對那些承認佛理之精深,但又不愿修行自持的人,采用了漸進式的引導,用愚人只認錢來對照,比喻只說不做的弊病。人們都認識到拜金主義的危害,但在生活中能夠正確對待和處理金錢與人格、現實與理想關系的,還只是一少部分人。能自甘清貧和寂寞去追求人生理想,把理想變成不懈的努力、現實的行動并不容易。
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