培根散文隨筆集第14章:Of Nobility 論貴族(中英對照)
培根散文隨筆集中英對照,通過閱讀文學(xué)名著學(xué)語言,是掌握英語的絕佳方法。既可接觸原汁原味的英語,又能享受文學(xué)之美,一舉兩得,何樂不為?
14 of nobility 論貴族
we will speak of nobility, first as a portion of an estate; then as a condition of particular persons. a monarchy, where there is no nobility at all, is ever a pure and absolute tyranny; as that of the turks. for nobility attempers sovereignty, and draws the eyes of me people somewhat aside from the line royal. but for democracies, they need it not; and they are commonly more quiet, and less subject to sedition, then where there are stirps of nobles. for men's eyes are upon the business, and not upon the persons: or if upon the persons, it is for the business' sake, as fittest, and not for flags and pedigree.
關(guān)于貴族,我們將先以之為國家中的一個階級,再以之為個人底一種品質(zhì)而論之。一個完全沒有貴族的君主國總是一個純粹而極端的專制國;如土耳其是也。因為貴族是調(diào)劑君權(quán)的,貴族把人民底眼光引開,使其多少離開皇室。但是說到民主國家,它們是不需要貴族的;并且它們比較有貴族巨室的國家,通常是較為平靜,不易有叛亂的。因為在民主國中,人們底眼光是在事業(yè)上而不在個人上的;或者,即令眼光是在個人身上,也是為了事業(yè)的原故,要問某人之適當(dāng)與否,而不是為了標(biāo)幟與血統(tǒng)的。
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